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Silicone Surfactants are Used in all Walks of Life

Apr 20, 2021

Silicone surfactants are a new type of adjuvant, which occupies an important position in the national economy and modern industrial and agricultural production. Through a review of the application of silicone surfactants in the field of pesticides, daily chemicals and the textile industry, The development prospects are prospected, and the main development directions of specialization, specialization, green and high-efficiency silicone surfactants are proposed.
Silicone surfactants are a large class of organic substances. Their characteristics are extremely characteristic, they are extremely flexible and universal, and they have great use value. Surfactants have been used as demulsifiers, oil-displacing agents, anti-caking agents, deodorants, antistatic agents and other dozens of experimental reagents for daily life and many industrial and agricultural production fields. Although its usage is not large, it can play a key role in increasing product variety, reducing cost measures, saving resources, and ensuring quality.
Silicone surfactants are a type of surfactant composed of polydimethylsiloxane as its hydrophobic backbone and one or more organic silicon polar groups connected to the meta or terminal positions. According to the chemical properties of the hydrophilic group R in its chemical structure, silicone surfactants can be divided into four categories: anionic, cationic, nonionic, and zwitterionic. Among them, nonionic surfactants are the most studied. , The most widely used. Now, Xinjiayi will take you to understand the classification of silicone surfactants:

1. Cationic silicone surfactant
If the R group contains structural units such as alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, amido quaternary ammonium compounds and imidazoline derivative quaternary ammonium compounds, it is called a cationic silicone surfactant. Among cationic silicone surfactants, cationic polysiloxane quaternary ammonium salt surfactants are the most widely used. The cationic polysiloxane quaternary ammonium salt surfactant has a large molar mass and can be compatible with anionic surfactants. It has no irritation to human skin and eyes. It has certain antibacterial ability. It does not produce free ammonium in alkaline solution. stable. The macromolecule of this product contains hydrophobic long-chain polysiloxane chain, which makes it have excellent smoothness and softness.

2. Anionic silicone surfactant
When the R group contains structural units such as phosphate, sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonate, and sulfosuccinamide ester, it is called an anionic silicone surfactant. When R is the structure shown in the figure below, it is called anionic polysiloxane phosphate salt surfactant.
When R'is a fatty acid functional group, it is a polysiloxane phosphate betaine amphoteric surfactant. The surfactant molecule not only has the structure and characteristics of phosphate betaine, but also has the structure and characteristics of polysiloxane. If a low molar mass polysilane is selected, the polysiloxane has weak properties; on the contrary, if a large molar mass polysiloxane is selected, the polysiloxane has significant properties. This kind of product has the characteristics of low toxicity, antibacterial, hard water resistance, and good compatibility with various surfactants.

3. Non-ionic silicone surfactant
When the R group contains units such as polyether, alkanolamide, ester, glycoside, etc., it is nonionic surfactant. Among them, polyether silicone surfactants are the most widely used.
Non-ionic polyether silicone surfactant is a combination of polysiloxane segment (A) and polyether segment (B). The combination methods are: AB type, ABA type, BAB type, (AB) Types such as n type, branched chain type and side chain type. There are two ways to connect the polyether segment and the siloxane segment, namely the Si-O-C type and the Si-C type. The former is unstable and belongs to the hydrolyzed type; the latter is stable to water and is called the non-hydrolyzed type.
1. The application of surfactants in the textile industry
Silicone surfactants are widely used in the textile industry. For example, in spinning, spinning, desizing, knitting or knitting, scouring (refining and bleaching), coloring, garment printing, finishing and other textile processing procedures, surfactants or surfactants are needed as the core. Modifiers to enhance the effect, optimize the processing technology, improve performance and ensure quality. Among the ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants are mainly used as detergents, penetrating agents, wetting agents, demulsifiers and thickeners, etc.; cationic surfactants, because the fibers are more negatively charged, can be firmly absorbed on the textile It is often used as fabric softener, leveling agent, waterproofing agent, antistatic agent and fixing agent, etc.; amphoteric surfactant is generally used as leveling agent for metal complex dyes, fabric softening agent and antistatic agent.

2. Application of surfactants in tannery and fur industry
The processing process of the tannery is very complicated and cumbersome, and it needs to go through multiple processes from naked leather to finished leather. Before tanning, soaking, liming, enzyme softening, pickling and deacidification, degreasing and other preparations are required; after tanning, coloring, fatliquoring, and finishing are also required. In all these processes, surfactants are needed as modifiers to promote the physical and chemical effects and processes of each process, reduce the production cycle, improve the quality of finished leather, and save chemical raw materials.

The main functions of silicone surfactants in leather product production and fur processing are dissolution, emulsion, wetting, penetration, foaming, defoaming, cleaning, leveling and color retention, etc. In each process, it has different requirements for its role. For example, in soaking, it is mainly required to have wetting and penetrating effects; in degreasing, it is required to act as emulsion, wetting and penetrating; in decontamination, it is required to have Excellent solubilization; coloring requires it to have excellent diffusion, infiltration and foaming effects; for fatliquoring, it is required to have excellent emulsion properties, etc.

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